Cold drawing is a metal forming process that increases the strength of steel by realigning the molecules in it. This makes it less brittle and more accurate in its dimensions. It also improves the finish and increases the ductility of the metal. However, the process can be time-consuming and expensive, as well as require highly skilled operators. The cold drawing machine is a special piece of equipment that can perform the work faster and more accurately.

The first step in the drawing process is submerging the raw material in a lubricant. This helps the steel bars pass more easily through the die. Once the bar or coil has been lubricated, it is then pointed or reduced to be smaller than the die opening. This is done with a variety of pointing tools such as swagers or extruders. Once the lead ends have been sized, they can then be drawn through the die, which reduces the cross section of the original bar or coil and shapes it into a specific profile. It is common to draw the product multiple times to achieve desired size, shape and tolerances. Each drawing is referred to as a single “pass.” The resulting product has a bright finish, increased mechanical properties and better machining characteristics than the raw material.

To improve the performance of the drawing machine, it is necessary to know the energy-power parameters that govern the drawing process. These include the drawing power Wi and the force Pi [41,42]. The accuracy of these measurements depends on the type of alloy being processed, its tendency to harden during cold deformation and a single degree of deformation, the design parameters of the die, the friction coefficient at the metal-wire contact, and the drawing speed [24,25]. The construction of hardening curves for various alloys is time-consuming, but it is crucial to build an accurate mathematical model of the process.

The cold drawing machine has many advantages, including the ability to increase the length of a coil or bar while maintaining the same diameter. This can be especially useful for products that are difficult to cut or welded, such as tubing or wire. In addition, it can provide a finished product with a bright, polished surface and improved mechanical properties, as well as precise dimensional tolerances. It is also an environmentally friendly way to make these products, as it reduces the amount of scrap that is discarded and reprocessed. This is particularly important in a time when there is a shortage of raw materials and the need to save energy and money. The cold drawing process can be used to produce a wide range of products from various metals, such as carbon and low-alloy steel, stainless steel, nickel, titanium and zirconium. In addition, it can be used to produce a variety of shapes and profiles, such as troughs and flanges. The resulting product has the benefits of higher tensile and yield strengths, better machinability, enhanced corrosion resistance and excellent weldability.